Diseases In Women

These are the main diseases of women, all diseases are sexually transmitted diseases those are mainly found in women.

1) Gonorrhea:- Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection caused by the organism Neisseria gonorrheae that is transmitted by sexual contact. Gonorrhea is one of the oldest known sexually transmitted diseases.

2) Chlamydia:- Chlamydia is a bacterium that causes an infection that is very similar to gonorrhea in the way that it is spread and the symptoms it produces.

3) Syphilis:-Syphilis is an STD that has been around for centuries. It is caused by a microscopic bacterial organism called a spirochete. The scientific name for the organism is Treponema pallidum.

4) Genital herpes:- Genital herpes, also commonly called "herpes," is a viral infection by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that is transmitted through intimate contact with the mucous-covered linings of the mouth or the vagina or the genital skin.

5) HPVs:- HPV is short for human papilloma virus . HPVs are a group of over 100 related viruses. Each HPV virus in the group is given a number, which is called an HPV type. HPVs are called papilloma viruses because some of the HPV types cause warts or papillomas, which are non-cancerous tumors.

6) Chancroid:- Chancroid is an infection caused by the bacterium Hemophilus ducreyi, which is passed from one sexual partner to another.

7) Ectoparasitic infections:- Ectoparasitic infections are infections that are caused by tiny parasitic bugs, such as lice or mites. They are transmitted by close physical contact, including sexual contact.

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What is Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)?

Human Papilloma Virus

HPV is short for human papilloma virus . HPVs are a group of over 100 related viruses. Each HPV virus in the group is given a number, which is called an HPV type. HPVs are called papilloma viruses because some of the HPV types cause warts or papillomas, which are non-cancerous tumors. HPV is a very common sexually transmitted disease; 15% of the population is affected at any time, but most of people affected are between the ages of 15 and 24.

Unfortunately, HPV often has no symptoms, so women especially do not know they have it. In addition, the infection usually clears without treatment, and although it is undetectable in most women within two years of the infection, it can remain in the body for many years.

HPV is related to cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 100 different virus types, each of which can cause different health problems including: common, plantar, and genital warts, skin and cervical cancers. Two types of HPV, 6 and 11, are responsible for 90% of genital warts. Two other types, 16 and 18, are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancers.

HPV Vaccine

HPV vaccine prevents the types of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) that cause most cases of cervical cancer and genital warts. The vaccine is given in three shots over six-months.
1) This vaccine is recommended for 11 and 12 year old girls.
2) For girls and women age 13 through 26 who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series.

Importance of HPV Vaccine

HPV vaccine is important because genital HPV is a common virus that is passed on through genital contact, most often during sex. Mostly people dont know this, It is most common in people in their late teens and early 20s.

Effect of HPV Vaccine

This vaccine targets the types of HPV that most commonly cause cervical cancer and genital warts. The vaccine is highly effective in preventing those types of HPV and related diseases in young women.

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Hormone Imbalance

There is mainly two types of female hormones those are produced by the ovaries:-

1) Estrogen
2) Progesterone

These two hormones are always producing equally. When one hormone is increasing in production, the other increases too. These hormones regulate a women' s menstrual cycle during her reproductive years. These hormones are very important for the body if they become imbalance then it creates complications.

Symptoms

1) Fatigue
2) Depression
3) Anxiety
4) Wrinkles
5) Allergy
6) Fibrocystic breasts
7) Premenstrual Syndrome
8) Endometriosis
9) Facial hair growth

Cause:-

Hormonal imbalance is caused by too much estrogen in a woman’s body, an excess which is not balanced by progesterone.

Effects:-

1) Imbalance hormone effects the life , a women with unbalanced hormones are at risk of developing ovarian and cervical cancers, and may also become infertile.

2) It may may result in weight gain, depression or irritability, difficulty sleeping, hot flashes, bone loss, and other complications such as osteoporosis and breast cancer.

Hormonal imbalance can be prevented by controlling diet or exercise regimes.

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What is Cervical Cancer ?

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer can often be cured when it’s found early. It is usually found at a very early stage through a Pap test.

It's Causes :- Most cervical cancer is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus, or HPV. You can get HPV by having sexual contact with someone who has it. There are many types of the HPV virus. Not all types of HPV cause cervical cancer. Some of them cause genital warts, but other types may not cause any symptoms.

You can have HPV for years and not know it. It stays in your body and can lead to cervical cancer years after you were infected. This is why it is important for you to have regular Pap tests. A Pap test can find changes in cervical cells before they turn into cancer. If you treat these cell changes, you may prevent cervical cancer.

It's Symptoms:- Abnormal cervical cell changes rarely cause symptoms. But you may have symptoms if those cell changes grow into cervical cancer. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include:

* Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal, or a change in your menstrual cycle that you can't explain.
* Bleeding when something comes in contact with your cervix, such as during sex or when you put in a diaphragm.
* Pain during sex.
* Vaginal discharge that is tinged with blood.

How is it treated? Cervical cancer that is caught early can usually be cured. If the cancer is caught very early, you still may be able to have children after treatment.

The treatment for most stages of cervical cancer removes the cancer and makes you unable to have children. These treatments include:

* A hysterectomy and removal of pelvic lymph nodes with or without removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes.
* Radiation therapy.
* Chemotherapy.

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What is Miscarriage ?

A miscarriage is defined as the end of a pregnancy within the first three months, before 20 weeks gestation. It occurs before the fetus is mature enough to survive outside the uterus. Only 1 percent of miscarriages take place after this period, and it is likely that most miscarriages occur before a woman misses her menstrual period or is even aware of the pregnancy.

Main Miscarriage Causes:-

1) Maternal age - there is a rise in miscarriage risk as maternal age increases. For women less than 35, the clinical miscarriage rate is 6.4%, for age 35-40 it is 14.7% and over the age of 40 it is 23.1%.
2) Poorly controlled diabetes - but not that which is well controlled.
3) Scleroderma - a soft tissue disease.
4) Fever over 100F.
5) Smoking -30-50% increased risk.

Miscarriage Symptoms:-

1) Vaginal spotting or bleeding.
2) Bleeding that progresses from light to heavy.
3) Pain, cramps, or discomfort in the abdomen or lower back.
4) Clot-like fluid or tissue passing through the vagina.
5) Fever, weakness or vomiting.

Three types of miscarriages:-

1) Complete Miscarriage
The body has naturally expelled the fetus. This process usually takes 3-7 days to be completed, but in some cases it can last for weeks.

2) Incomplete Miscarriage
Tissue has been partially expelled by the body, but some contents remain in the uterus.

3) Missed Miscarriage
The fetus and placenta remain in the uterus without signs of being expelled and a woman may not be aware that a miscarriage has taken place.

Three treatment methods available depending on each case:

1) Expectant Management involving watchful waiting and medical observation.
2) Medical Management involving medication treatment to help complete a miscarriage.
3) Surgical Treatment that usually involves dilation and curettage (D&C)

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What is Menopause?

Menopause is refers to the last menstrual period and is generally considered to have occurred after 1 year of amenorrhoea. At the age of 45- 50 years:

Cause of menupause:-

The cause of menopause is burning out of the ovaries. The aging of the ovary begins even before birth when a progressive decline in the number of primordial follicles compresses. The percentage of growing follicles increases substantially at puberty and is maintained throughout reproductive life and declines in the climacteric period (period of time around menopause).

Mainly two types of menupause:-

1) Natural Menupause
2) Artificial Menupause

Three phases of menupause:-

1) Pre-menupause
2) Peri-menupause
3) Post-menupause

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Incontinence in women

Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary leakage of urine. It's common and distressing problem, which may have a profound impact on life.

Different types of incontinence:-

1) Stress Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), also known as effort incontinence, is due essentially to insufficient strength of the pelvic floor muscles. It is the loss of small amounts of urine.

2) Urge Incontinence
Urge incontinence is involuntary loss of urine occurring for no apparent reason while suddenly feeling the need or urge to urinate.

3) Functional Incontinence
Functional incontinence occurs when a person recognizes the need to urinate, but cannot physically make it to the bathroom in time due to limited mobility. The urine loss may be large.

4) Overflow Incontinence
Sometimes people find that they cannot stop their bladders from constantly dribbling, or continuing to dribble for some time after they have passed urine. It is as if their bladders were like a constantly overflowing pan - hence the general name overflow incontinence.

5) Structural Incontinence
Rarely, structural problems can cause incontinence, usually diagnosed in childhood.

It can be reduced by

1) Weight loss
2) Medications
3) Surgery
4)Absorbent products.

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